Knowledge Sharing
Not quite sure that this means yet. The basic idea is collective or collaborative decision making and problem solving.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_sharing
Knowledge sharing is an activity through which knowledge (namely, information, skills, or expertise) is exchanged among people, friends, families, communities (for example, Wikipedia), or organizations.
Organizations have recognized that knowledge constitutes a valuable intangible asset for creating and sustaining competitive advantages. Knowledge sharing activities are generally supported by knowledge management systems.
Note: Wikpedia says that knowledge sharing is "not to be confused with information sharing, shared intelligence, collective intelligence, or group intelligence." I wouldn't dream of it.
| Information Sharing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_sharing | Traditional information sharing referred to one-to-one exchanges of data between a sender and receiver. These information exchanges are implemented via dozens of open and proprietary protocols, message and file formats. |
| Collective Intelligence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_intelligence | Collective intelligence is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making. |
| Group Intelligence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_intelligence | Group intelligence is a term used in a subset of the social psychology literature to refer to a process by which large numbers of people converge upon the same knowledge through group interaction. |
| Collaborative Intelligence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_intelligence | Collaborative intelligence characterizes multi-agent, distributed systems where each agent, human or machine, is uniquely positioned, with autonomy to contribute to a problem-solving network. |
| Mass Collaboration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_collaboration | Mass collaboration is a form of collective action that occurs when large numbers of people work independently on a single project, often modular in its nature. Such projects typically take place on the internet using social software and computer-supported collaboration tools such as wiki technologies, which provide a potentially infinite hypertextual substrate within which the collaboration may be situated. |
Just read the book Mind Sharing. It has lots of interesting ideas, some with strong SemanticWeb implications.
Generally related to the subject of Crowd Sourcing .
Also see:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_commons
... The production of works in the knowledge commons is often driven by collective intelligence respectively the wisdom of crowds and is related to knowledge communism as it was defined by Robert K. Merton, according to whom scientists give up intellectual property rights in exchange for recognition and esteem. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikinomics - The Book
... It explores how some companies in the early 21st century have used mass collaboration and open-source technology, such as wikis, to be successful ...
Web Intelligence
WI seems to be the mechanism of knowledge sharing. Improving information access and reducing information overload is a recurrent theme.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_intelligence
Web intelligence is the area of scientific research and development that explores the roles and makes use of artificial intelligence and information technology for new products, services and frameworks that are empowered by the World Wide Web.
What kind of definition is that, WI is when someone 'makes use of' of AI and IT etc ... if it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck ...
Web Personalization - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalization
Personalization, sometimes known as customization, consists of tailoring a service or a product to accommodate specific individuals, sometimes tied to groups or segments of individuals.
A wide variety of organizations use personalization to improve customer satisfaction, digital sales conversion, marketing results, branding, and improved website metrics as well as for advertising. Personalization is a key element in social media and recommender systems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recommender_system
Recommender systems or recommendation systems (sometimes replacing "system" with a synonym such as platform or engine) are a subclass of information filtering system that seek to predict the 'rating' or 'preference' that a user would give to an item.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_filtering_system
An Information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. Its main goal is the management of the information overload and increment of the semantic signal-to-noise ratio.
To do this the user's profile is compared to some reference characteristics. These characteristics may originate from the information item (the content-based approach) or the user's social environment (the collaborative filtering approach).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_filtering
Collaborative filtering (CF) is a technique used by some recommender systems. Collaborative filtering has two senses, a narrow one and a more general one.
In general, collaborative filtering is the process of filtering for information or patterns using techniques involving collaboration among multiple agents, viewpoints, data sources, etc ...
In the newer, narrower sense, collaborative filtering is a method of making automatic predictions (filtering) about the interests of a user by collecting preferences or taste information from many users (collaborating).
Category Theory
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_theory
Category theory formalizes mathematical structure and its concepts in terms of a collection of objects and of arrows (also called morphisms).
A category has two basic properties: the ability to compose the arrows associatively and the existence of an identity arrow for each object.
Category theory can be used to formalize concepts of other high-level abstractions such as sets, rings, and groups.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_%28mathematics%29
Group-like structures. The entries say whether the property is required.
| Totality* | Associativity | Identity | Divisibility | Commutativity | |
| Semicategory | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Category | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Groupoid | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Magma | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Quasigroup | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Loop | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Semigroup | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Monoid | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Group | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Abelian Group | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
*Closure, which is used in many sources, is an equivalent axiom to totality, though defined differently.
http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/category+theory
Peter Freyd expressed a similar feeling by his witticism:
“Perhaps the purpose of categorical algebra is to show that which is trivial is trivially trivial.”
http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/applications+of+%28higher%29+category+theory
http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/semantics
http://www.slideshare.net/kenbot/category-theory-for-beginners
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/category-theory/
http://www.logicmatters.net/categories/
https://wiki.haskell.org/Haskell
Haskell is an advanced purely-functional programming language. An open-source product of more than twenty years of cutting-edge research, it allows rapid development of robust, concise, correct software.
https://wiki.haskell.org/Category_theory
Lambda calculus
Alpha conversion - Beta reduction
Eta conversion - Lambda abstraction
Recursion - Combinatory logic
Chaitin's construction
http://docs.sympy.org/dev/modules/categories.html
The category theory module for SymPy will allow manipulating diagrams within a single category, including drawing them in TikZ and deciding whether they are commutative or not.
A Compendium ?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compendium
A compendium (plural: compendia) is a concise compilation of a body of knowledge. A compendium may summarize a larger work. In most cases the body of knowledge will concern a specific field of human interest or endeavour (for example: hydrogeology, logology, ichthyology ... )
Of interest, significant absences, not much there - https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=compendium+wiki
One of the more interesting links, has a little ontology - http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Main_Page
The Compendium for Coast and Sea is an integrated knowledge document about the socio-economic, environmental and institutional aspects of the coast and sea in Flanders and Belgium. As such, it constitutes a one-stop shop for data and information from the Flemish and Belgian marine and maritime research community and experts.
Sounds familiar, what was that called again ? An expert system ? :-)
Also interesting - http://wiki.sphere.torfo.org/index.php/Main_Page
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page
Wikiquote is a free online compendium of sourced quotations from notable people and creative works in every language ...
Also See
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightweight_ontology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_engineering
May be relevant ?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Computational_linguistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributional_semantics
Distributional semantics is a research area that develops and studies theories and methods for quantifying and categorizing semantic similarities between linguistic items based on their distributional properties in large samples of language data.
The basic idea of distributional semantics can be summed up in the so-called Distributional hypothesis: linguistic items with similar distributions have similar meanings ...
