Semantic Web
I hesitate to have a page called 'Semantic Web' because the term may not even be definable at this point ... beyond words ? Too big to name ?
http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web
The Semantic Web is an extension of the Web through standards by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The standards promote common data formats and exchange protocols on the Web, most fundamentally the Resource Description Framework (RDF).
So whatever uses W3C extensions and/or RDF is "The Semantic Web" or at least Semantic Web-ish ... the article continues ...
The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by enabling users to find, share, and combine information more easily ...
The Semantic Web, as originally envisioned, is a system that enables machines to "understand" and respond to complex human requests based on their meaning. Such an "understanding" requires that the relevant information sources be semantically structured ...
The collection, structuring and recovery of linked data are enabled by technologies that provide a formal description of concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain. These technologies are specified as W3C standards and include:
Resource Description Framework (RDF), a general method for describing information
RDF Schema (RDFS)
Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
SPARQL, an RDF query language
Notation3 (N3), designed with human-readability in mind
N-Triples, a format for storing and transmitting data
Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)
Web Ontology Language (OWL), a family of knowledge representation languages
Rule Interchange Format (RIF), a framework of web rule language dialects supporting rule interchange on the Web
A lot of stuff, mostly implemented in Java ...
Peer To Peer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_P2P_networks
Semantic P2P networks are a new type of P2P network. It combines the advantages of unstructured P2P networks and structural P2P networks, and avoids their disadvantages.
In Semantic P2P networks, nodes are classified as DNS-like domain names with semantic meanings such as Alice @Brittney.popular.music. Semantic P2P networks contains prerequisite virtual tree topology and net-like topology formed by cached nodes.
Semantic P2P networks keep the semantic meanings of nodes and their contents. The nodes within semantic P2P networks can communicate each other by various languages. Semantic P2P network can execute complicated queries by SQL-like language.
There are similarities between semantic P2P systems and software agents. P2P means that entities exchange information directly without an mediator. Semantic is a concept to add meaning to information. Peer are usually autonomous systems as well as agents.
Agents follow a goal, though. Such goal attainment requires a knowledge base and rules and strategies. That's the major difference between software agents and semantic peers. The later lacks that kind of intelligence.
See PeerNetworks
RDF
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata data model. It has come to be used as a general method for conceptual description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources, using a variety of syntax notations and data serialization formats.
It is also used in knowledge management applications.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDFa
RDFa (or Resource Description Framework in Attributes) is a W3C Recommendation that adds a set of attribute-level extensions to HTML, XHTML and various XML-based document types for embedding rich metadata within Web documents. The RDF data-model mapping enables its use for embedding RDF subject-predicate-object expressions within XHTML documents.
It also enables the extraction of RDF model triples by compliant user agents.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBpedia
DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created as part of the Wikipedia project. This structured information is then made available on the World Wide Web.
DBpedia allows users to semantically query relationships and properties associated with Wikipedia resources, including links to other related datasets. DBpedia has been described by Tim Berners-Lee as one of the more famous parts of the decentralized Linked Data effort.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_data
... linked data (often capitalized as Linked Data) describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful through semantic queries. It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_%28syntax%29
Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language) is a format for expressing data in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model with the syntax similar to SPARQL. RDF, in turn, represents information using "triples", each of which consists of a subject, a predicate, and an object. Each of those items is expressed as a Web URI.
Turtle provides a way to group three URIs to make a triple, and provides ways to abbreviate such information, for example by factoring out common portions of URIs. For example:
<http://example.org/person/Mark_Twain>
<http://example.org/relation/author>
<http://example.org/books/Huckleberry_Finn>
Semantic Data Model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_data_model
A semantic data model in software engineering has various meanings:
It is a conceptual data model in which semantic information is included. This means that the model describes the meaning of its instances. Such a semantic data model is an abstraction that defines how the stored symbols (the instance data) relate to the real world.
It is a conceptual data model that includes the capability to express information that enables parties to the information exchange to interpret meaning (semantics) from the instances, without the need to know the meta-model. Such semantic models are fact oriented (as opposed to object oriented).
Facts are typically expressed by binary relations between data elements, whereas higher order relations are expressed as collections of binary relations. Typically binary relations have the form of triples: Object-RelationType-Object.
For example: the Eiffel Tower <is located in> Paris.
Java#SemanticRDFInferenceEngines
SemanticWeb Org
Mature organization, great resources.
A major user of SemanticMediawiki.
http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Main_Page.html
The Semantic Web is the extension of the World Wide Web that enables people to share content beyond the boundaries of applications and websites. It has been described in rather different ways: as a utopic vision, as a web of data, or merely as a natural paradigm shift in our daily use of the Web ...
Most of all, the Semantic Web has inspired and engaged many people to create innovative semantic technologies and applications. semanticweb.org.edu is the common platform for this community.
http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Semantic_Web_Topic_Hierarchy.html
http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Category_Semantic_Web_topic.html
Knowledge Management
Stray link - http://www.dichotomistic.com/
http://www.cambridgesemantics.com/
http://www.cambridgesemantics.com/search/node/knowledge
http://www.scientificcomputing.com
In the late 1990s and the early 2000s, “Knowledge Management” (KM) was all the rage ...
When you distill the demand for knowledge management, users are primarily asking for effective content management and search. Thankfully, today’s technology is vastly superior to what it was 15 years ago.
Previously, it was incredibly difficult to search across both unstructured and structured data. The number of options for data federation and virtualization were limited.
Now, there are endless technical options, with open source tools like Hadoop, Solr and Sphinx and vendor products from companies such as Cambridge Semantics, Sinequa, Thomson Reuters and Waters.
Also See
http://answers.semanticweb.com/questions/1/where-can-i-learn-about-the-semantic-web
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%E2%80%93agent_problem
